The Growing Problem of Terrorism and Terrorists Essay -- Terrorists E

Individuals often assemble belief systems in regard to attitudes, behaviors, religions, and another(prenominal) areas based on beliefs and practices that they accepted during the early stages of maturation when some(prenominal) of their interactions were influenced by their families, who both supported and practiced the akin traditions. In America the customary emplacement toward these varied opinions is to view them with tolerance, disregardless of how strange or ill-use the belief or action might seem. While individually people may dissent with the beliefs of other people, under ordinary circumstances, most Americans would either leave friendly advice or completely ignore situations that would not lead to dangerous or pestilent outcomes. However, it seems to me that some people within practically all groups, regardless of their designations, sometimes decide to carry their belief systems to the extreme. Extremists move into the category of fanatics or radicals who seek to establish their belief systems as the only means for achieving a sought after outcome. When people become fanatics, they believe that their ideals are the only acceptable way to live. Some leave behind seek to destroy others who do not believe or act as they do. At that point, extremists become terrorists because they try to force others to accept their practices in such areas as social behaviors, politics, and religion. Terrorists frequently want everyone to practice the same social behaviors. Dressing in a particular style, eating specific foods... The Growing fuss of Terrorism and Terrorists Essay -- Terrorists EIndividuals often establish belief systems in regard to attitudes, behaviors, religions, and other areas based on beliefs and practices that they accepted during the early stages of maturation when many of their interactions were influenced by their families, who both supported and practiced the same traditions. In America the customary stance toward these varied opinions is to view them with tolerance, regardless of how strange or wrong the belief or action might seem. While individually people may disagree with the beliefs of other people, under ordinary circumstances, most Americans would either offer friendly advice or completely ignore situations that would not lead to dangerous or deadly outcomes. However, it seems to me that some people within practically all groups, regardless of their designations, sometimes decide to carry their belief systems to the extreme. Extremists move into the category of fanatics or radicals who seek to establish their belief systems as the only means for achieving a desired outcome. When people become fanatics, they believe that their ideals are the only acceptable way to live. Some will seek to destroy others who do not believe or act as they do. At that point, extremists become terrorists because they try to force others to accept their practices in such areas as social behaviors, politics, and religion. Terrorists frequently want everyone to practice the same social behaviors. Dressing in a particular style, eating specific foods...

Causes of World War Two Essay -- WWII WW2 World War 2

World cont determination two has to be the most famous war of all time. It was the largest, most tragic, horrifying of them all, and the beginning(a) to have millions of citizenry killed in the duration of it. Is it just me, or does it seem rather ironic that the very thing that was meant to solve the first World War is the most important of all of the causes of the second? And that the people who were supposed to fix the problems that that war caused were only really helping another along? The war to end all wars did not do that at all. Things like expansion and appeasement and the rise of dictators were obviously all for the war as well.So. Let me start with appeasement. wherefore was it such a large part of this war? There were so many people wanting so much that others had, and those that had it were forced to roll oer and let it be taken. Because they were frightened. They were so scared of getting blown up that they would have handed over just about anything if it kept them alive.And mainly what people wanted was? more land of course That was the expansionism part. They were the two things tha...

The World of Technical and Professional Writing Essay -- Ethics Morals

The World of Technical and Professional Writing As adept writing grows into a more common discipline, complicated questions concerning ethical standards see to present themselves more frequently. Much of what is written by a practiced writer testament need to appeal to individuals of varying situational backgrounds, and in this day of desirous political correctness and moral responsibility, it is important to remember the ethical and other cultural issues associated with writing for diverse groups of people. Perhaps the foremost ethical question that presents itself to technical writers revolves around the question What makes a piece of writing acceptable to atomic number 53s audience? On the surface, this is a seemingly uncomplicated thought. Unfortunately, however, it is one that few professional writers attempt to answer. This question can be approached by remembering that the ultimate goal of any form of writing is to spark an interest in the reader that pass on cause she or he to want to follow the writers thoughts to the end of the escape. One way to ensure that the audience will remain attentive is to refrain from offending those who have expressed a desire to read your words. This issue is largely a matter of ethics and one that can harm or assist ones career in technical writing. Alienation of ones audience defeats the purpose of the work that accompanied the research and writing of the text in the first place. If technical writers simply exercise empathy and remember a few ethical and commonsensical ideas, they will find themselves far more successful in their chosen field. When examining the ethical issues involved in the rapidly growing field of technical writing, it may be helpful to beg... ...so factors a technical writer should consider, as he or she wants to be certain that what is written comes across to the audience in the spirit in which it was intended. As one can see, ethics are an integral aspect o f this field. Their careful observation will certainly help to ensure the dignity of technical writers, as well as the profession itself, for many years to come. Works CitedAnderson, Paul V. Simple Gifts Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Person-Based Composition Research. College Composition and parley 49.1 (1998) 63-87.Pearsall, Thomas E., Donald H. Cunningham, and Elizabeth O. Smith. How to Write for the World of Work. 6th Ed. Fort Worth Harcourt, 2000.Pickett, Nell Ann, Ann A. Laster, and Katherine E. Staples. Teaching English Writing, Reading and Speaking. 8th Ed. New York Addison Wesley Longman, 2001.

The Dangers of Objectification :: Philosophy essays

The Dangers of Objectification   Consider for a moment the course typically taken in a class discussion. A person states that he is an egoist, or a relativist, or an absolutist. These various terms are used to classify an individual agree to his moral philosophy. Nietzsche has an important objection to these simple definitions. Shall we still speak this way today? May we do so? (Nietzsche 463) There are difficulties in this simplistic approach to classifying an individual. The first is that an individual is not so easily crammed into a verbal box. Sartre would say that this is a way of objectifying the person under cut intoation. To say that I am an egoist, or that another student is an altruist, is to stand for that egoism or altruism is the essential nature of the person, and that other considerations fade into the background and become nonmeaningful under this veil of the persons ethical philosophy. It is to equate me with egoism, or to equate the other student with rel ativism.   But I am more than Bob the egoist I am also Bob the philosopher, I am Bob the student, I am Bob the coffee drinker. The name Bob points to a definition that is, of necessity, abbreviated. When a stranger asks me who I am, it is not possible for me to provide a complete description. But when I describe a few opinions, actions, and relationships, I do so hoping that she may view me beyond the narrow limits imposed by what I can tell her quickly.   It may be convenient to say, But for this discussion we consider only your ethical theory. But besides objectifying the individual, this is overly simplistic because it ignores the subtle shades of meaning which exist among these philosophies. I think of myself as an egoist because I believe that the very nature of an individual grants him certain rights and that these rights do not include claims on the rights of another. But to say that I am an egoist is to imply that I agree, completely or mostly, with the ethical th eories of Hobbes, Rand, and every other egoist who has ever philosophized--none of which is overwhelmingly true, since I differ with all of the egoists I am present with. For example, the popular conception of egoism implies that I think it is morally acceptable to perform any action to achieve my ends, regardless of the effect on others.

Ethical Assessment of Implantable Brain Chips :: Science Neurology Technology Ethics Papers

Ethical Assessment of Implantable Brain ChipsMy purpose is to initiate a give-and-take of the ethics of constituteing computer chips in the header and to raise near initial ethical and social questions. Computer scientists predict that within the next twenty days neural interfaces will be designed that will not entirely increase the dynamic range of senses, but will also enhance remembering and enable cyberthink invisible communication with others. This technology will facilitate consistent and constant access to information when and where it is needed. The ethical evaluation in this paper focuses on issues of safely and informed consent, issues of manufacturing and scientific responsibility, anxieties about the psychological impacts of enhancing human nature, worries about possible usage in children, and most troubling, issues of privacy and autonomy. Inasmuch as this technology is fraught(p) with perilous implications for radically changing human nature, for invasions of p rivacy and for governmental control of individuals, public discussion of its benefits and burdens should be initiated, and policy decisions should be do as to whether its teaching should be proscribed or regulated, rather than left to happenstance, experts and the vagaries of the commercial market. The future may well involve the reality of science fictions cyborg, persons who have developed some intimate and occasionally necessary relationship with a machine. It is likely that implantable computer chips acting as sensors, or actuators, may soon assist not only failing memory, but even bestow fluency in a new language, or enable recognition of previously unmet individuals. The progress already made in therapeutic devices, in prosthetics and in computer science indicate that it may well be feasible to develop direct interfaces between the brain and computers.Worldwide there are at least three million people living with artificial implants. In particular, research on the cochlear im plant and retinal vision have furthered the development of interfaces between neural tissues and silicon substrate micro probes. The cochlear implant, which directly stimulates the auditory eye, enables over 10,000 totally deaf people to hear sound the retinal implantable chip for prosthetic vision may restore vision to the blind. Research on prosthetic vision has proceeded along two paths 1) retinal implants, which avoid brain surgery and link a camera in eyeglass frames via laser diodes to a healthy optic nerve and nerves to the retina, and 2) cortical implants, which require brain surgery and the pneumatic insertion of electrodesinto the brain to penetrate the visual cortex and produce highly localized stimulation.

The Spanish Debate On The Americas :: essays research papers

Juan Gins de Sepulveda, Bartolom de las Casas, andFrancisco de Vitoria arguments pertaining to the settlement andcolonization of the native people of America, while presented indifferent manors, argon all the same. All three Spaniards believedthat the barbarians had to accept the rule of the Spanish becausethe Spanish were mentally superior, and divine and natural lawsgave the Spanish the right to sequester and enslave the nativepeople of America.The foundation for Spanish conquests was theirinterpretation of the bible. Ironically, it was the teachings ofthe bible they were all trying to bring to the newly foundinfidels. Sepulveda express that the Spanish conquests were pass in divine law itself, for it was written in the Bookof Proverbs that "He who is stupid will serve the wise man." In propositions one and two, Bartolom de las Casas stated thathe believed that savior Christ had the authority and the power ofGod himself over all men in the world, especially those who ha dnever heard the tidings of Christ nor of His faith. Las Casasalso stated in his second proposition that St. Peter and hissuccessors(that being missionaries located in the New World) hadthe duty by the injunctions of God to teach the gospel and faithof rescuer Christ to all men throughout the world. What isinteresting is that Las Casas thought that it was "unlikely thatanyone would resist the preaching of the gospel and theChristian doctrine..." While being a bishop and a Dominicanmissionary in the New World, he had the task of spreading theholy faith, expanding the area covered by the teachings of theuniversal Church(that being the Christian religion), and the receipts of the natives souls as his ultimate goal. Asstated in proposition ten however, the Indians sovereignty anddignity and royal pre-eminence should not, in his beliefdisappear either in fact or in right. "The only exceptions arethose infidels who maliciously obstruct the preaching of thegospel... ." In proposition eleven though, he continues bycontradicting himself by truism that "He who persistently defendsitthat being the preaching of the missionaries will fall intoformal heresy." Sepulveda also thought that if infidelsrejected the rule of Christianity, it could be imposed upon themby overstretch of arms. Sepulvedas justification for the use of forcewas, after all, justified according to natural law, and that justand natural noble people should rule over men who are not"superior". War against the barbarians, according to Sepulveda,was justified because of their paganism and also because of theirabominable licentiousness. Sepulveda and Las Casas both thought

The Spanish Debate On The Americas :: essays research papers

Juan Gins de Sepulveda, Bartolom de las Casas, andFrancisco de Vitoria argu ments pertaining to the settlement andcolonization of the native mess of America, while presented indifferent manors, are on the whole the same. All three Spaniards believedthat the barbarians had to accept the rule of the Spanish becausethe Spanish were mentally superior, and divine and natural fair playsgave the Spanish the right to conquer and enslave the nativepeople of America.The foundation for Spanish conquests was theirinterpretation of the bible. Ironically, it was the teachings ofthe bible they were all trying to bring to the newly foundinfidels. Sepulveda stated that the Spanish conquests weresanctioned in divine law itself, for it was written in the Bookof Proverbs that "He who is stupid will serve the wise man." In advises one and two, Bartolom de las Casas stated thathe believed that Jesus Christ had the authority and the military group ofGod himself over all men in the world, espe cially those who hadnever heard the tidings of Christ nor of His faith. Las Casasalso stated in his second proposition that St. Peter and hissuccessors(that organism missionaries located in the New World) hadthe duty by the injunctions of God to teach the gospel and faithof Jesus Christ to all men throughout the world. What isinteresting is that Las Casas thought that it was "unlikely thatanyone would resist the preaching of the gospel and theChristian doctrine..." While being a bishop and a Dominicanmissionary in the New World, he had the task of spreading theholy faith, expanding the area covered by the teachings of theuniversal Church(that being the Christian religion), and theimprovement of the natives souls as his ultimate goal. Asstated in proposition ten however, the Indians sovereignty anddignity and royal pre-eminence should not, in his beliefdisappear either in fact or in right. "The only exceptions arethose infidels who maliciously obstruct the preaching of th egospel... ." In proposition eleven though, he continues bycontradicting himself by saying that "He who persistently defendsitthat being the preaching of the missionaries will fall intoformal heresy." Sepulveda also thought that if infidelsrejected the rule of Christianity, it could be imposed upon themby soldiery of arms. Sepulvedas justification for the use of forcewas, after all, justified according to natural law, and that justand natural noble people should rule over men who are not"superior". warfare against the barbarians, according to Sepulveda,was justified because of their paganism and also because of theirabominable licentiousness. Sepulveda and Las Casas both thought

Mountain Dew Case Study Essay

Mountain DewMountain Dews unique way of connecting to the younger generation through uttermost(prenominal) sports has become a grand success, consequently many companies are coming up with similar advertisement base Recent threats to Carbonated Soft Drinks in recent years by highly caffeinated and sports drinks have affected their sales. The company advertisement has focus on the young generation and thus quickly bloom as Cokes loyal opposition. They have advertisements harnessing ideas of current generation as well as advertisement promoted by celebrities. All of this pushed their sales up.The Dew entreat effectiveness The Do the Dew Campaign has always been about excitement and energy and was successful since the beginning, 1992. The main focus has always been on the cultural course of actions closely bounded with the youth. There were 3 main trends Rap Music, Extreme Sports, and Gen X culture. Taste in Music was matched to that of the young generation. In early 90s it was it r elated to rap songs and then came the generation of alternate rock songs and later the techno music. Similarly in sports and GenX Ethos, It also became one of the founding leader sponsors of X Games. In the process it mainly invest audience was 18 year old males while at the same time it created an appeal to age group 20 to 39. However the impact gradually lowered as other companies started to pick up the trend. The company required a fresh move and they saw an opportunity in recent climb trend that was retro. The committee picked up this trend for recent ad scope. Consequently, they shortlisted many different concepts to five different advertisements after thorough review. Brief perception on them is provided.The Labour of Love Ad humorous is there but does not create an impression of the brand as an adrenaline rush factor. So not the best strategy unless Dew considers repositioning.The Dew or Die Ad and the Cheetah Ad The focus is same as before on exhilarating choice and s himmer and daring. The idea is repetitive in nature hence not as effective.Mock Opera Ad The cultural trend is Gen X attitudes while at the same time portraying the brand as exhilarating and exciting. This takes care of the predictability aspect of the ads with the Dew Dudes performing the Bohemian Rhapsody.Showstoppers Similar to that of Mock Opera ad holds on to the image of the brand as daring and exciting while at the same time is less predictable.Response to threat of functional and alternative drinksIn response to non-CSDs, an advertisement campaign must be selected which appeals to the irreverent, daring and fun loving side of the young generation. The citrus flavour in Mountain Dew is its uniqueness. The advertisements provide focus on Diet Mountain Dew to appeal to the calorie conscious consumer as the amount of calorie is low.Increase in advertisement is essential. By correlating the exist of the advertising campaign with the sales we observed that there is a high corr elation which is around .95. SO the advertisement selection has to meet the current trend as well as the mind-set of young generation as discussed.

Public health policy analysis Essay

Public wellness insurance policy analysisIntroduction Legalization of ganja has been a heated issue and is featured both in topical anaesthetic and national media. The use of marihuana by adults and youth in United States is on the increase. Marijuana use remains a medical problem fear since cannabis exploiters are more susceptible to disorders associated to marijuana use. In the last decades state policies aimed marijuana use for medical purposes, while recent policies are advocating for legalization of marijuana to adults. Public relations campaigns fully advocate for the legalization of marijuana. The main reason being that prohibition of marijuana cause more harm than intelligent and also fuel personnel in the markets. The increased use of marijuana amongst the youth is enough evidence of failed control measures against marijuana. These opinions come together to enhance forward motion of marijuana legalization (Gerber et al, 2004). The recent opinions to legalize ma rijuana raised concerns to (ASAM) American Society of Addiction Medicine. In April 2012, they had to form committee to develop the reaction receivable to the proposal of marijuana legalization. The committee aims at informing the humankind about marijuana legalization of marijuana and their judgment to the world policymakers. The ASAM recommends that the chemicals in marijuana that hold in an effective word against some illnesses should be legalized as characterized and standardized products permitted by the Food and Drug and be dispensed by professional pharmacies just want any otherwise medicine. ASAMs greatest concern is due to the opinion that marijuana is the most common abused illegal dose in America. tripping distinction between de shepherds crookization and legalization is necessary in explanation of objectives and negative impact of marijuana legalization. Legalization deals with the mercenaryization of production, use and sale of marijuana. On the other hand, de condemnableization removes penalties to personal use while sale and production of marijuana is prohibited. However, ASAM does not support legalization of marijuana since their research findings reveal that marijuana smoking is not a medicine.Background and relevance Marijuana use has several dreadful health do which raise concern to public health sector. Marijuana can lead to addiction as well as effects of (THC) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Research reveals that 9% of marijuana becomes addicted. Marijuana smokers who try to quit pay from anxiety, depression, insomnia, irritability, and appetite disturbance. In 1993, the National Institute on Drug Abuse carried a learn that found that marijuana led to an estimate of 7% of treatment admissions funded by the government. The moment increased to 18% in 2009. In profound and Western Europe marijuana use is a critical public health issue. Marijuana is said to be the basic do medicines being abused in 21% of the incidents in addict ion reform services in Central and Western Europe, and 14% of incidents in addiction reforms services in Southeast and Eastern Europe. Research found that of all drug treatment teen days patients, 83% were undergoing treatment for basic marijuana use. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuana Young adults are more prevalent to marijuana addiction. Research from U.S. treatment centers shows that if drug use is s jackfruitted at tender age there is greater risk of dependence. Early use of marijuana king be one of the causes of increased admissions for marijuana addiction treatment. In Europe, the number of patients quest treatment due to marijuana addiction increased from 200% from 1999 till 2006, and belatedly stands at 30% of overall admission cases. There are other many health hazards associated to marijuana use apart from addiction. ASAM great concern put a lot of weight to the following major areas. The wit substances from marijuan a results to short-term impact on the brain in relation to attention, verbal fluency, sensory perception, learning, memory, and perception of time. The greatest concern is marijuana consumption during teenage where brain development is in progress. This results to decreased neurocognitive activity. Mental health NIDA found that marijuana use is associated to increased anxiety, schizophrenia and depression. Research studies brought out age factor as a significant risk factor. Research shows that there is correlation between early marijuana consumption and worsening and development of symptoms of schizophrenia. High usage of marijuana can cause acute psychotic reaction as well as initiating the beginning or degeneration of schizophrenia in susceptible persons. antepartum or perinatal some research findings have suggested that marijuana causes retarded fetal growth including length, gestational age, birth weight, and head circumference. Other long-term effects vary with age. They inclu de depression, decreased wit, and addiction. Respiratory or pulmonary research reveals that marijuana contains more tar, carcinogen and carbon monoxide as compared to tobacco. Marijuana is likely to deposit tar four times as compared to tobacco. Chronic smoking has detrimental effects to the lungs. Marijuana smokers inhale greater volumes of smoke and hold it for longer periods. Research reveals that marijuana smokers are more susceptible to bullous disease as compared to cigarette teen smokers. Addiction among other health hazards associated to marijuana outlines that marijuana use affects both the user and their family members. ASAM is concerned since they see that the current discussion is only concerned with reforms to the ongoing marijuana policy and less concerned with detrimental impact of marijuana consumption. catastrophic health and skillfulty impacts of marijuana pass on be of great importance in the decision making in the development a marijuana policy with an aim of improving public health.Objectives of marijuana legalization Legalization of marijuana is considered as a public and safety measure aimed at reducing drug-associated crimes and as a remedy to harm caused by marijuana control such as incarceration among others. Advocators of marijuana believe that legalization of marijuana go forth bring down illegal marijuana trade and violent crimes associated with the illegal trade. They also believe that it will be a source of revenue as well as reduce cost of law enforcement. There is an ongoing research to investigate the impact of marijuana legalization in United States. Prohibition of drugs such as marijuana increases costs of businesses operations due to violence involved to the illegal drug trafficking. The harm of marijuana is expected to reduce to 80% since the social price depend on regulation and taxes. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuana RAND research reveals that marijuana legaliza tion I California would not reduce drug trafficking as well as violence associated with illegal drug trafficking. Research reveals that diverted marijuana from legalized production in a given country affects all the others since it would lead to reduction of marijuana across that country. Price elasticity of marijuana under legalized plan is complicated since addictive substances behave differently from non-addictive substances. Marijuana legalization will change it from being luxury for first time users to basic necessity to the marijuana addicted persons. Legalization of marijuana is likely to be accompanied by legal advertisement of mercenary use marijuana this is likely to increase marijuana consumption. Although most research were carried to investigate effect of marijuana legalization in California, the findings might also practice in another state. Legalization of marijuana might cause effects to the taxes, prices, markets as well as spilling over their effects to the nei ghboring countries. Legalizing marijuana might be a right step since it will substantiate impact of violent related to illegal drug trafficking. It is also believed that public health problems of criminal justice interventions exceed their benefits. This leads to the question as to whether legalization proposals should be passed and amended. Lessening toughness to marijuana use might not be so lots fruitful since there can be little or no reduction in the level of substantial costs and incarceration rates (Morgan, 2011). contradict impact of legalizing marijuana Any state considering altering legal condition of marijuana should consider the health hazard involved as well as the profit of coping up with criminalization of marijuana use and sale. Legal drug use provides evidence that it is national public health issue. Legal drugs latterly cause a havoc on public health sector since it results to substantial health and financial burden. Legalizing marijuana is likely to lead to an in crease in the social costs due to taxes imposed due to the sale of the drugs. The cost of coming up with a regulatory plan for legal marijuana is also unknown. Although legalization of marijuana might be aimed at increasing funding for prevention, addiction and treatment of commercial activities linked to legal marijuana. Health effects of bit-by-bit increase use of marijuana would rise sharply. It is also likely that legalization of marijuana will be accompanied by increase in number of marijuana related issues such as driving under marijuana influence, violations in act regulating age limits as well as public use violations. Research reveals that marijuana is the most famous drug associated to drugged driving. Fatal injuries, crashes and even deaths are commonly linked to habitual marijuana use. medicate driving will raise the cost of injuries, loss of lives and crashes. Decreased highway safety is a major negative impact of marijuana legalization (Gerber et al, 2004). American Academy of Pediatrics predicted that legalizing marijuana will result to increased use of marijuana amongst the youth. The fact is that there is a positive relationship between drug use and availability. Advocators of the policy should consider detrimental effects of marijuana availability to the society if the law was passed and amended. There will be an increased incidents of marijuana related cases, addiction as well as the regulatory cost that will be passed to the public in form of taxes.International context The advocators of marijuana legalization policy usually come from experience from nations with less strict policies on drug use. It should not be understood that no country has ever legalized marijuana. just about countries use decriminalization policies where they have a specific limit of marijuana or a given drug use for personal purposes while drug use for commercial services remains illegal. In a country like Netherlands, commercial drug businesses are illegal and are constrained with criminal sanctions. Other than being arrested, drug users are put in check by the Commission for the Dissuasion of Drug Abuse (CDT). This commission dispenses the appropriate punitive measures to the drug user where some are withdrawn if they obtain treatment against addiction. A country may be penalized for imposing such a policy to the citizens. For example, recently there was a proposal that Uruguay government would sell marijuana for personal use to the public. However, the fate of this proposed law is not clear. In addition, if the law was to be passed Uruguay would be fined by the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board for going against the United Nations Single Convention of 1961. ASAM encourage exhaustive study and evaluation of distinct drug laws and programs both local and international which will enlighten the public on future strategies that aim at enhancing public health. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to -legalize-marijuana2012 State-Level proposals on marijuana legalization several(prenominal) states such as Oregon, Colorado and Washington brought up proposals to legalize marijuana. For instance, Colorado Amendment 64 also known as Regulate Marijuana Like alcoholic drink Act, if passed the policy would legalize possession, purchase, use, transport and display certain amount of marijuana by people aged 21 years and above. The state will be responsible for regulation of marijuana sector via licensure of manufacturing, cultivation and retail stores and testing facilities. The Oregon halter Tax Act if passed would bring up Oregon Cannabis Commission to stupefy cultivation and sale of marijuana to people aged 21 years and above. The Washington State Initiative Measure No. 502, if passed it would regulate and license marijuana distribution, possession and production to people aged 21 years and above. Washington policy would also withdraw civil and criminal activities trustworthy by t he policy. Upon passing these policies, would change everything for example, it would change marijuana from being luxury to first time users to personal use, it will also accelerate tax collection, and commercial use and sale of marijuana. The full impact of effect of legalizing marijuana are unknown (Morgan, 2011).Conclusion There is great need of considering public health consequences of a policy before proposing to make changes. There are more negative consequences linked to marijuana legalization as compared to the benefits that advocators think of. People are called upon to study various polices and programs so that they can be able to make appropriate policies that aim at improving the public health of citizens. The legalization policy will make marijuana more accessible thus increasing the risk to the youths who might fall in the trap of consuming the drugs. Marijuana legalization will also lead to an increased activities associated to marijuana such as drugged driving which leads to loss of lives, injuries and crashes.Recommendations I oppose proposals to legalize use of marijuana in any of the states in America. There is more harm than good of implementing this policy. The predicted public health costs associated to marijuana legalization are high and hurt the citizens and the public policymakers. Health professionals and physicians should enlighten people on the probable effects of implementing such a policy. Marijuana is associated to a lot of negative effects and thus should not be legalized.The following should be recommendedThe public should be enlightened that addiction to marijuana is a public health concern and marijuana is not safe to consume.The physicians should lead the war against legalization of marijuana.The parents should be enlightened on the dangers of making marijuana accessible to their teenage children through legalization of such a policyReferencesGerber, R. J. (2004). Legalizing marijuana drug policy reform and prohibition polit ics. Westport, Conn. Praeger.Morgan, K. (2011). Legalizing marijuana. Edina, MN ABDO Pub. Co..State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana. (n.d.). State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuanaSource document

McDonald’s and Obesity

Government and influential wellness advocates around the world stated that their nations kids will become as fat as the Statesn kids, argon cracking down on the marketers they blame for the explosion in childhood corpulency. Across the globe, efforts be under demeanor to slow the march of obesity. In the United States roughly 30 percent of Ameri brush off children are stalwartness or obese. According the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and ginmill (CDC), an estimated 64. 5 percent of Americans tip the scales as intemperate or obese, the highest percentages of fat people of any countries are catching up.The World The World Health system (WHO) reports that glob every last(predicate)y there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults and at least 300 million of those are obese, a 50 percent increase in the number of obese people and there are 200 million children under five who are estimated to be overweight worldwide. In many countries the worst increases in obesity have occ urred in young people. About half a million children in Europe are suffering classic middle- aged health difficultys beca employ they are as well as far. Obesity among European children has been on the originate over the farthest 15 years.The number of overweight children in Europe did not change much from 1974-1984 then the rate started to creep up during the future(a) 10 years, and it exploded after 1995. In Britain, atomic number 53 in five children is overweight or obese, in Spain 30 percent, and in Italy, 36 percent. While less than 1 percent of the children in Africa suffer from malnutrition, 3 percent are overweight or obese. Perhaps the most distressing data come from Asia, where the measure of being overweight used in western countries may underestimate the seriousness of weight-related health problems faced by Asians.In Japan, for example, obesity is defined as a body mass index (bmi) level of 25 or more, not 30 as it is in Western countries. still Japanese health officials report that a BMI of 25 or more is already causing high rates of diabetes. About 290 million children in China are thought to be overweight, and researchers expect that number to double in the next 10 years. The World Health Organization has warned of an escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity. Global Reaction to Obesity oneness of the perplexing questions is why the relatively abrupt increase of obesity worldwide?Some opine that fast food portion sizes are partly to blame. The average size order of French chips has nearly tripled worlswide. Some people narrate advertising is to blame, particularly ads aimed at children, such as those ads that use celebrities to market high-calorie foods. According to USA Today, one take found that the average American child sees 10,000 food ads a year, mostly for high-fat or sugary foods and drinks. Traditionally, in developing countries, the poorest people have been the thinnest, a importation of hard physical labour a nd the consumption of small amounts of traditional foods.But when these people in poor countries migrate to cities, obesity rates rise fastest among those in the lowest socioeconomic root word. Even as food companies battle U. S lawsuits and legislators who blame them for inducing childhood obesity, theyre being attacked on an other front-Europe-which is thr expelening, among other things, to ban advertising icons such Tony the Tiger and Ronald McDonald. I would equal to see the industry not advertising directly to children, said one European health commissioner. If this doesnt produce satisfactory results, we will proceed to legislation.The European Health Commission has called for the food industry to set its own regulations to curb so-called junk-food advertising aimed at the European Unions 450 million citizens-or face bans similar to the tobacco industry. The ominous comparison to cigarettes is increasingly being made in the United States as well. Commenting on a McDonalds pl an to send Ronald McDonald to schools to preach about nutrition, an aide to a U. S. senator said, No matter what Ronald is doing, they are still using this animated cartoon character to sell fatty hamburgers to kids.Once upon a time, tobacco companies had joe Camel and they didnt get it either. Also under fire is TV advertising of kids foods, as calls for curbs or bans rise around the world. If the rise in the child obesity trend continues, within five years well be in the same(p)(p) situation as America is today, said a senior child nutritionist at the University of Copenhagen who sits on the board of Denmarks National Board of Nutritional Science. Banning T. V ads that are targeting kids is an important strategy to adopt.But there is an argument that those measures wint help. In Sweden, Norway and Quebec where food ads are banned from kids TV, theres no take the stand that obesity rates have fallen. A new law in France will force food marketers to choose between working a he alth meat to commercials or paying a 1. 5 percent tax on their ad budgets to swordplayd brawny-eating messages. Other measures under consideration in Europe let in banning celebrities and cartoon characters from food ads aimed at children and preventing food marketers from using cell phone jingles to reach kids.Ireland bans celebrities from food and a beverage ad aimed at children and requires candy store and soft-drink spots liberalcast in course of studys where half the audience is younger than 18 to carry a visual or voice-over warning that snacking on sugary foods and drinks can damage teeth. Ireland is a small market, but there are fears that these measures could spread to the United Kingdom and then to the rest of Europe, especially since many advertisers run the same campaigns in the United Kingdom and Ireland.Unlike France and Ireland, the United Kingdom is trying a more carrot-and-stick approach, support self regulation with legislation as a last but threatened resort . The U. K. Government published health recommendations giving the food and beverage industries to act more responsibly or face formal legislation. The register followed a high-profile U. K organisation inquiry into child obesity last year. Marketing and agency executives called to give evidence were grilled publicly over the use of celebrities in ads, inciting kids pester power and high salt and sugar content in foods.The papers proposals include clamping down on using cartoon characters to appeal to kids in food and beverage ads, potentially dooming brand icons such as Kelloggs Tony the Tiger. There have also been calls for a ban, like Irelands on celebrity endorsement in junk-food advertising . In a country where the biggest grocery-store brand, PepsiCos Walkers Crisps, relies on celebrities in its ad campaigns, thats a big deal. The Nordic countries are the most militant about enacting laws to ban or restrict marketing of foods that they consider unhealthy to children, and fig hting to aspirate those restrictions to the rest of Europe.The toughest laws against advertising to children have long been in Scandinavia, where the health risks of obesity and diabetes from high sugar consumption are sometimes compared to tobacco. The legislatures in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark are all considering even tighter controls on marketing sugary foods. Denmarks National Consumer Council has petitioned the government to ban marketing unhealthy food products to anyone under 16, and Finlands legislature is auditory sense from health groups that want a total ban on TV ads for sugar-laden food.Commenting on such proposals, the CEO of the Finish Food and Drink Industries Federation said, Implementing stricter controls on advertising food and drinks will not be a lively-fix answer to all these problems. The European Union is on it, Washington is on it, the ball is furled now and the food companies have to do something, said one top advertising agency executive. But he add ed, I hope food companies wont be bullied into doing things that play to the politicians, nothing there are other contributing factors for obesity, such as low income.He said food marketers could truly open to a solution by putting money into programs like the USDAs Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, a subsidized food and preparation program that also happens to be very good at driving sales for the products approved for the list. The key is to translate the hype to real solutions like physical education in schools and parents-the most important role models, according to substantiated research-reclaiming responsibility. If a food has a right to exist, a market has the right to advertise it.Marketers are attempt against a crackdown on food advertising amid growing concern over obesity throughout the world. Marketers are trying to avert a clampdown with greater self-regulation. But despite a slew of individuals company efforts to shift new-product and marketing focu s to healthier offerings, the industry has, until now, large shied away from defending itself more broadly.McDonalds response For the last few years, McDonalds has reacted to the obesity issues in several ways in the U. K. and other countries Concerned about consumer reaction to the film Super size of it Me, McDonalds Corp.broke a U. K campaign called Changes with poster ads that omit the Golden Arches for the first time, replacing them with a question mark in the same typeface and the tagline McDonalds. But not as you know it. Promoting ongoing menu changes, the posters feature items such as a salad, a pile of free-range eggshells, pieces of output and cups of cappuccino. The effort preceded a direct-mail campaign to 17 million households touting healthier menu items and smaller portion size. McDonalds aim was to cause people to destine otherwise about McDonalds and to make the public aware of new products.Theres no intention to abandon the Arches but only to focus charge on the healthy additions to the menu. Despite the new campaign, research showed the chain hadnt received the hoped for awareness for some of the newer items on its menu, including the all white-meat Chicken Selects and the fruit bags. more worrisome, a research study revealed that frequent users didnt like to admit to friends that they ate at McDonalds. We dont want to have closet loyalists. One researcher urged more time for McDonalds Changes campaign to get traction.The market position and market stature of McDonalds in the U. K. is not nearly as strong as it is in the U. S. and accordingly, you have to stick with the program longer, he said. But he warned that the Changes campaign could backfire. Trying to suppress the logo is not in all likelihood to change the hearts and minds of many fast-food voters in Europe. In anticipation of the release of the documentary Super Size Me in the United Kingdom, McDonalds in capital of the United Kingdom went on the defensive with full-page newspaper ads discussing the film.The ads, headlined If you havent seen the film Super Size Me, heres what youre missing, have appeared in the film-review sections of half-dozen newspapers to coincide with filmmaker Morgan Spurlocks appearance at the annual Edinburgh film festival. The copy describes it as slick and well-made, and says McDonalds actually agrees with the core argument of the film-If you eat too much and do too little, its bad for you. However, it continues What we dont agree with is the idea that eating at McDonalds is bad for you.The ad highlights some of McDonalds healthier menu items such as grilled chicken salad and fruit bags. A spokeswoman for McDonalds said it ran the ads to ensure there was a match debate about the film. Super Size Me distributor Tartan Films has retaliated by running identical-looking ads in newspapers promoting the film. As a direct response to government calls for food marketers to promote a more active lifestyle, McDonalds U. K. launc hed an ad campaign aimed at kids featuring Ronald McDonald and animated fruit and vegetable characters called Yums.In two-minute singing-and-dancing animated spots, the Yums urge, Its fun when you eat right and stay active. Even though McDonalds plans to expand its healthier menu offerings, it does so cautiously, so people remember that the Golden Arches at its core still means burgers and fries. McDonalds, throughout Europe and elsewhere, is testing ways to address the obesity issue. In Scandinavia, for example, popular healthy local foods have been added to the McMenu, like cod wrapped in rye bread in Finland. In Norway, some outlets sell a salmon burger wrapped in rye bread.In Sweden, no salt is added to the food served. In Australia, McDonalds took a different approach-it reduced its budget for ads directed to kids by 50 percent. McDonalds French operation increase the ire of the parent company when it ran a print ad in a womens magazine quoting a nutritionists suggestion that kids shouldnt eat at the restaurant more than once a week. While the ad was meant to promote McDonalds and seems reasonable since the French only visit quick service restaurants every two weeks on average anyway, such a campaign would have been heresy in the United States.McDonalds can move into a balanced diet. Later, the company recruited a pair of French nutritionists who declared the Big Mac and cheeseburger healthier than traditional French fare such as quiche. Marketers in France have lobbied hard to be allowed to be allowed to use positive lifestyle messages in ads-like emphasizing the importance of physical exercise and a balanced diet-rather than grim health warnings. Frances Ministry of Health appears to be listening, and is now expected to let marketers choose among three or four positive health messages.Industry experts say the government changed its mind out of fear that strong warnings might backfire, causing anxiety among consumers about eating. Moreover France may hope its new law, if not too extreme, will become a blueprint for Europe. Snack Food Industry Responses Snack food and beverage companies like PepsiCo have joined the fray along with the fast-food industry. PepsiCos strategy includes adding products like Walkers Potato Heads, launched recently in the United Kingdom as a healthier snack for children, and encouraging exercise.In October 2004, Walkers did a pedometer giveaway through its Website, backed by a $ 5. 6 million. TV campaign. We want to demonstrate that we are taking a responsible approach and make governments aware of what we are doing. In our view it is entirely wrong to pin all the blame on advertising to children, and we think we have moved to the stage where most government accept this. In Canada.Where about one-third of children aged 2-11 are overweight, Concerned Childrens Advertisers, a group whose members include Nestle Canada, Coca-Cola, General Mills, Kellogg, and Kraft has just begun runningthe first of three 60 -second spots featuring Health Rock, a colorful animated figure on a T-shirt, who sings about balancing food and activity. In the Asia/Pacific region, few countries except Australia have yet to make food marketing and childhood obesity an issue. In much of Asia, a Western fast-food meal or a cola is still an occasional treat rather than a daily overindulgence. As childhood obesity begins to register as a concern in China, though, McDonalds has started promoting healthier items such as high calcium fruit yoghurt and chocolate pudding and low-fat milk on in-store marketing materials like tray liners.Marketers are also keeping an eye on Brazil. A Sao Paulo university recently analyzed childrens programming and food that 1 out of 10 minutes of advertising was a food commercial. That study is a starting point for the group decreed within a government health organizations ad unit to examine nutritional claims in advertising to children. Questions 1. How should McDonalds respond when ads promoting healthy lifestyles featuring Ronald McDonald are equated with Joe Camel and cigarette ads? Should McDonalds eliminate Ronald McDonald in its ads?2. Discuss the merits of the law proposed by France that would require fasr-food companies either to add a health message to commercials or to pay a 1. 5 percent tax on their ad budgets. Propose a strategy for McDonalds to pay the tax or add health messages, and defend your recommendation. 3. If there is no evidence that obesity rates fall in those countries that ban food advertising to children, why bother? 4. The broad issue facing McDonalds U. K. is the current attitude toward rising obesity.The company seems to have tried many different approaches to deal with the problem but the problem persists. List all the problems facing McDonalds and critique their various approaches to solve the problems. 5. Based on your response to question 4 recommend both a short-range and long-range plan for McDonalds to implement. 6. Explain with the Indian perspective, giving relevant Statistics about the Obesity Problems with Focus on the Teens indulging in bulimia and the medical issues relating to Obesity like Type 2 Diebetis.

Human Population Growth

The two types of creation growth of any species are exponential growth and logistical population growth (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). Exponential population growth is defined as the rate of which a population grows constantly over a period of fourth dimension resultant of continuous birth rate and ideal environmental conditions. In other words, the quality and quantity of resources is available at an general higher standard, (Otherwise, 2012). The min type of population growth is logistic population growth. Most environments do not have unlimited resources. Limiting factors much(prenominal) as carrying message deign into play.Carrying capacity is an environment that sustains a maximum population size (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). When the population size begins to reach carrying capacity, there is a decrease in growth rate. When the population size is at its maximum for carrying capacity, it yields a zero growth rate (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). As the population gr ows it can cause a number of serious problems such as food-scarcity, overcrowding, poverty, increased consumption, excess waste, and exploitation of natural resources such as land, water, fossil fuels, and vegetation.The combined effects of population growth, consumption, overuse, wastage and misuse of resources entrust strain the capacity of the earth to sustain life (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). Human population exceeding its natural resources will limit access to basic needs such as comme il faut housing from overcrowded areas as lack of space will become evident. Building materials select resources such as timber from forests which results in deforestation. Means of transport require more consumption of fossil fuels, thus pollution of air, land and water result from greenhouse gas emissions.Scarcity of food and potable water will incur as more mouths to feed require agricultural production, also a result in deforestation, thus the need for increased water usage, and the c oat of pesticides and fertilizers that make the soil infertile and water scarce and non-potable. Generation of waste increase will require critical attention to proper waste care in order to prevent the spread of disease or epidemics (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010).Population will rise most rapidly in places least able to wrap up it, developing nations where hunger, political instability and environmental degradation are already pervasive (Otherwise, 2012). Massive efforts are in great need to keep affable and economic conditions from deteriorating further. When the number in population exceeds the natural resources available to sustain it, there will be a profound effect on the overall quality of life and the degree of human suffering on Earth.